The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris Part 2

February 27th, 2011   by   Andrew


Quotations

A few quotes from Same Harris. I was impressed with his ability to sometimes say things short-n-sweet. The quotes below are focused on evolution, happiness and personal identity (and how little our own intuitions match up to them). If you really require page numbers or anything like that, just ask.


Our minds do not merely conform to the logic of natural selection. In fact, anyone who wears eyeglasses or uses sunscreen has confessed his disinclination to live the life that his genes have made for him.

Many people imagine that the theory of evolution entails selfishness as a biological imperative. This popular misconception has been very harmful to the reputation of science. In truth, human cooperation and its attendant moral emotions are fully compatible with biological evolution.

While each of us is selfish, we are not merely so.

we should not lose sight of the fact that societies do not suffer; people do.

I would be more wisely and effectively selfish if I were less selfish. This is not a paradox.

We must continually remind ourselves that there is a difference between what is natural and what is actually good for us.[my emphasis]

We are now poised to consciously engineer our further evolution. Should we do this, and if so, in which ways? Only a scientific understanding of the possibilities of human well-being could guide us.

There is no question that human beings regularly fail to achieve the norms of rationality. But we do not merely fail – we fail reliably. We can, in other words, use reason to understand, quantify, and predict our violations of its norms.



What do you think?



Dissemination – A Problem Explained Further

February 12th, 2011   by   Andrew

Joseph Campbell has a chapter in his book, A Hero with a Thousand Faces, called The Virgin Birth. He begins with the idea of the “Mother Universe”, the medium through which the “Absolute” comes to earthly experience. He takes this to a further abstraction by saying we can understand her to be space, time and causality — our world-bounded frame.  But she is also a lure to the “Absolute” — the intrigue of what the “Absolute” is not.

She is a virgin because her spouse is the UNbounded, UNknown. And this abstraction is represented in many mythologies around the world through things like virgins giving birth or heroes springing out of unexpected ‘wombs’.

Campbell’s book was published in 1949 and has been a respected source for studying mythology and religion’s role in our lives. It has mostly been used by literary-minded academics though. It reads much like a text-book. It did inspire George Lucas though, and it played a role in shaping the Skywalker cycle.

Tom Harpur is a (small-l liberal) Christian journalist whose faith has gone through many changes and rebirths. He wrote a book some years ago called The Pagan Christ. The focus of his book was the life of Horus, an Egyptian deity, and the parallels to the life of Jesus. Harpur stressed the mythological side of the story of Jesus and raised some doubts as to whether or not there ever was a ‘real’ Jesus. According to Harpur himself, these questions and investigations strengthened his own faith but reconfirmed the importance of removing the literal, authoritative mindset in religious thought.

Harpur’s book received some criticism in that it relied quite heavily on one questionable source. It was mostly ignored by religionists with the literal, authoritative mindset. Harpur’s audience is respectable and vast, but it is certainly not the stuff of legion or legend.

In 2007 Peter Joseph released online the documentary Zeitgeist. Part 1 of the film is an attack on the uniqueness of the Jesus story. Several examples of mythological heroes from Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Central Asia and Europe are given in rapid succession. With each of them comes a list of supposed “hard facts” common to all the stories. The hero:

has a virgin birth
is born 3 days after a winter solstice
has 12 followers
dies as a sacrifice and rises again

The documentary has been highly criticized as “entertaining, but quite inaccurate” and doing little more than hyping up conspiracy theories. The heroes they list, for example, do dispel the uniqueness of the story of Jesus, but they do not all share the exact same listed characteristics. There is room, after all, for some authorial creativity, cultural editing and adaption.

Zeitgeist has been seen by millions and has started as many conversations on the nature of virgin births.

I want to stay on the surface here. There is a line between these examples that demonstrates a problem with ideas. It is a problem I have had with academics and the nature of information.

Dissemination leads to distortion.

The message gets lost as it is diluted for distribution. Meaning is subverted when spread to the mass audience. And yet, even if done badly, there is cause for hope. It can inspire the curious to go deeper, to uncover what was lost in the distortion.

In the preface to The Hero with  a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell quotes Sigmund Freud.

The truths contained in religious doctrines are after all so distorted and systematically disguised that the mass of humanity cannot recognize them as truth. The case is similar to what happens when we tell a child that new-born babies are brought by the stork. Here, too, we are telling the truth in symbolic clothing, for we know it. He hears only the distorted part of what we say and feels that he has been deceived; and we know how often his distrust of the grown-ups and his refractoriness actually take their start from this impression. We have become convinced that it is better to avoid such symbolic disguisings of the truth in what we tell children and not to withhold from them a knowledge of the true state of affairs commensurate with their intellectual level.

This problem of distrust is now beyond the small family. It is worldwide.  Our shared symbolic stories (or more accurately, our understandings of those symbolic stories) do not match with the knowledge we have of the world. No religion can be meaningful when taken literally, according to Campbell. And as Freud suggests, to do so only initiates the distrust in the relationship between parent and child, or between guide and follower.

How do we as a global community reconcile the literal story (now the domain of science, really. What we use to test and predict and trust the world) with the symbolic story (now in distortion. What we use to explain our role as subjective players in the world)?

I don’t have full answers. It may mean our symbolic stories are collectively getting as accurate and precise as our predicting stories. But I’m going to try to explore these stories through the next series of book reviews:

The Empathic Civilization by Jeremy Rifkin

The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris

Blink! by Malcolm Gladwell

The Sacred Depths of Nature by Ursula Goodenough



Even Newer and Somewhat Older

December 9th, 2010   by   zippy

 Since z1g suggested it: 

 Now this is a religion that might give me some power!

And don’t judge my spelling!

I do want to open up about something else, though. For a long, long time there was another religion in my life.

It took me a long time to de-convert from that one:


My New Religion

December 3rd, 2010   by   zippy

I’m trying out a new religion today.

What do you think?

 

It doesn’t really give me any authority. And sometimes it might make me vulnerable and powerless.

And it might take a lot of practice…


The Rack of Lamb

October 11th, 2010   by   Andrew

I wrote this maybe more than ten years ago and never really finished it. There were some problems with the rhythm. It’s very tempting to just call it a song and be done with it. Music has all these wonderful, creative cheats built into it like ghost notes and pick-up notes and triplets, so you can pretty much make anything work in some way, shape or form.

It’s very much a male story, and I was going for a juvenile male voice. In many ways now I look at the Jewish-Christian-Muslim tradition as a long narrative of men trying to figure out or justify their place in society. I thought it might be a good contrast to my work with Bruce Sanguin, since he makes the call for Sophia, Lady Wisdom, to take a place of high importance in his own Christianity.

My dad used this once in a sermon for an illustration. I probably should have gone to hear what he had to say. Typical son, not listening to Father when he should…

The Rack of Lamb

by Andrew Gilchrist, 1999-ish, edited 2010

Barabbas was our ram
But even he was not enough
We had to have the lamb
Only that would be enough

Even Adam lost a son
To a sacrifice and sin
Cain said now I’m the only one
What suffering did I win

God came and put his mark
Sacrifice the face of Cain
All could see who did this work
And who suffered the pain

Abraham went up the hill
With Isaac and tears in tow
Committed to this mighty will
Abe, how were you to know

Abe was willing to sacrifice
And Isaac would have to suffer then
But it was said that ram will suffice
And they’d try not to sin again

Go and suffer if you please
With pride sacrifice your son
For country, god, highest duty
I’m sure salvation will be won

Barabbas was our ram
But our suffering so grim
That we had to have the lamb
A sacrifice for giving him

Only seeing sacrifice
Won’t end the suffering then
How could I think it would suffice
When I want to sin again

If I expect the son from father
But only sacrifice will I make
Then I’ll be damned and I’ll suffer
As much as I can take

Sacrifice, we think, we need
And so we look the other way
Suffering, the victims plead
I smile, it wasn’t me today

And so I suffer joyfully
And savour this roast of lamb
The meat is tender, truthfully
I’ve never tasted ram

If I am only but a child
Then that is how I’ll act
Father make me hungry while
We put more lamb on the rack

So, what do you think?



Welcome to the Wisdom of the World Part 2

September 27th, 2010   by   Andrew

Quotations

Joan Chittister uses over 25 little spiritual anecdotes in this book in order to light the journeys each of the world’s major religions have to offer. I won’t get into the stories now but I may use some of them later on as separate blog studies. Each of them deserves a separate meditation, really. Instead, I will highlight some of Joan Chittister’s own words and reflections to show her style and her wisdom on the subject.

In every culture, the essence of holiness, the ground of maturity, lies not so much in avoiding sin as it does in the cultivation of spiritual consciousness.

We have given our souls away to distraction, interruption, rapidity, and clutter. We have become the puppets on our own strings. We have abandoned the calm of reflection for the mirage of the instantaneous… The instantaneous is about satisfaction, not about quality.

Reflection is not about narcissistic leisure; it is about the concentrated activity of being fully human, of giving our gifts in ways that develop us rather than fragment us.

We must make room in the present for the things of the eternal.

It is not busyness that destroys us. It is simply being perpetually busy with things that only scatter rather than deepen us. This is what makes the difference between doing what we are meant to do and doing everything we can do.

On Aging:
Every stage of life is not the same as the one
before it. Each of them has its own gifts, its special talents, its particular qualities, which, unless we are willing to age, to pass from one level of existence to another, can never come to fullness. Without them we stay eternal children, our souls do not age and wizen and ripen, our place in society stays static. We remain endlessly alive but endlessly useless to those who come after us.

On Religious Practice:
The truth is that we can go through the motions about something all our lives and never really become what the thing itself is meant to make us… Ritual will not, of itself, take you to the other side.

[Religion] leaves us in danger of being keepers of the law rather than seekers of the truth.

Spirituality is what takes us beyond the religious practice to the purpose of religion: the awareness of the sacred in the mundane.

What do we do when we simply cannot move on in life and, at the same time, simply cannot escape the pain that comes with not moving on?

On Following:
What is left for God to do in the soul when someone who stands between us and God has already decided how and where God will really be with us in life? The temptation, of course, is always to let someone else determine the nature of our spiritual life.

… every age lives with questions in progress.

Being a moral person and being a holy person – a fully developed spiritual person – are two different things.

There is no such thing, to the Buddhist, as eternal damnation.

Whatever we have been, we can change.

Idealism, of all the energies of the soul, may be one of its most vulnerable. Nothing else within us gives in so easily to failure, to rationalism, to doubt  — not love, not anger, not ambition. We lose a piece of idealism every time we choose to follow the rules of a society rather than its ideals. Every time we seek approval rather than understanding, rather than possibility, we close down another part of our souls.

… just because turkeys do not fly long distances does not make them failed birds.



Moshe Leib:
If someone comes to you and asks your help, you shall not turn him off with pious words, saying: ‘Have faith and take your troubles to God!’ You shall act as if there were no God, as if there were only one person in all the world who could help this person – only yourself.”

In the Far East, silence gives space. In the West, there is no silence and no space either.

We are being sorely tested in a society where we call medical insurance for babies and daycare for working mothers and food stamps for underpaid families “welfare for the poor” but then fail to call agricultural subsidies and corporate bailouts and tax breaks for the wealthy “welfare for the rich.”

We have no right to default on the price of being human.

Growing up in a Catholic school has a way of taking the grey out of life.

But when life gets divided into two realms – into the sacred and the secular – and when being in one is more religious than being in the other, then religion itself has gone astray. The danger of religious professionals lies only in the temptation to make such people substitutes for our own striving.

For the first time in history, happiness has become a commodity.

We can’t fill ourselves up with worthlessness and expect to find what is missing in us, or, even worse, to know in time how much we are really missing. We are restless for a reason.

The function of thought was not simply to preserve the past.

Religion, often the cause of worldwide division and danger, ironically is meant to be the glue that binds us together as a human race. But for that to happen, we must all come to know, understand, and respect the other as well to take from all the very best answers they have to offer to the questions in our own lives. (Note – see, she knows, she sees the current problem. But, I think she didn’t go far enough with this conclusion…)

God, according to the Mishna:
“Better that the Jews leave me and keep my ways than that they believe in me and stop fulfilling the commandments.”
(Note – Jewish Atheism certainly has gained some ground.)

Recommendations and Final Thoughts

This book is a good demonstration of what the spiritual life can offer us, especially in our everyday lives. But there is a danger and a challenge that comes with it. Joan Chittister did not dare to escape her own comfort zone, which is well within the boundaries of the traditional and accepted religions of the world. The result is an inaccurate title and a tidy confirmation of the author’s core beliefs.

Religions are certainly more than sacred texts and this book is a good collection of illustrations beyond the usual trappings of set rules and beliefs. Religions are in some respects attempts to find, or maybe sometimes shape, the sacred within each individual. And this book does open that path to the reader. It is about how real people deal with the spiritual element of their lives.